What is Autism?

And Common Misperceptions

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental diagnosis characterized by a broad range of behaviors, challenges, and strengths. It is not a “disease” to cure, or try to get rid of. Autism does not have a specific “look” or singular presentation, as commonly misunderstood. Instead, autism encompasses a spectrum of diverse experiences that vary widely among individuals. The term “spectrum” reflects this variability, as people with autism may have differing abilities and challenges across several domains of thinking patterns and daily functioning.

Individualized Experiences

Individuals, with or without an autism diagnosis, have unique profiles that are shaped by their personal strengths, challenges, and environmental influences. Several individuals with autism are some of the most high-achieving members of society. Others struggle more. With the right support, many develop skills and strategies that help them navigate the world more effectively.

“If you’ve met one person with autism, you’ve met one person with autism”.

– Dr. Stephen Shore, Professor, Autism Advocate, Person on the Spectrum

Importance of an Assessment

While diagnostic labels can elicit various thoughts and feelings, they can help.

In health care, diagnoses are used to understand people and to guide treatment. Diagnoses can be the ticket to support services and insurance coverage, even legally mandated treatment provisions. In other words, your insurance may be legally required to provide a support service once autism is diagnosed, if it is something you choose to pursue.

Diagnostic labels may serve as a gateway to societal and educational support services, as well as opportunities for research, community, and a sense of belonging. While neurodevelopmental and mental health diagnoses vary at different points in time and the course of a person’s development, they carry the power for great things with the right understanding and guidance.

It should be noted that a formal medical diagnosis of autism can only be made by clinically-qualified professionals with specialized autism diagnostic training (e.g., specialty-trained health care providers whether physicians, nurse practitioners, psychologists.). Schools can also provide autism assessments, which can be helpful for educational planning. However, when they conclude that a student appears to have autism, it is considered an indication rather than a medical diagnosis. Some people also refer to this indication as ‘an educational diagnosis’.

The Importance of Early Intervention

Positive Outcomes: Research indicates that early diagnosis and intervention can lead to significant improvements in behaviors associated with autism and skills. For instance, a study highlighted by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) found that early interventions are more likely to have major long-term positive effects on common features of autism and later skills.

Developmental Gains: A study published in the journal Pediatric Health, Medicine and Therapeutics (PMC) suggests that early interventions can reduce behaviors associated with autism more effectively in younger children compared to older ones.

The Importance of Strength-Based Approaches

Autism is not a disorder to be “fixed” but a way of being that can be supported through understanding and respect. A strength-based approach encourages focus on an individual’s gifts and abilities first, rather than limitations, while fostering environments where challenges are supported so that people feel safe, valued, and able to thrive.

Autism is part of the natural variation in human diversity that has complex neurobiological underpinnings that have yet to be adequately studied and realized. Recognizing and supporting individuals with ASD starts with understanding that it is not defined by appearance but by a complex interplay of experiences, behaviors, and deeper needs—many of which include sensory processing challenges. By emphasizing flexibility, compassion, and education, we can create a more inclusive world where every individual on the spectrum feels understood, valued, and empowered.

*Richards M, Mossey J, Robins DL. Parents’ Concerns as They Relate to Their Child’s Development and Later Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2016 Sep;37(7):532-40. doi: 10.1097/DBP.0000000000000339. PMID: 27541581; PMCID: PMC5003704

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